The simplest type of metalworking fluid. Usually, they are being used in light duty working of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and used as a base oil for more complex oils bendings.

The product of mineral oils and fatty oil additive (such as palm oil, lard and coconut oil). But they have odours during applications and expensive to blend. They are being used in ferrous and non-ferrous metals metalworkings without stains. They help to achieve high surface finish quality and being used in automatic screw manufacturing machines.

The product of sulphurized fat and mineral oil which provides outstanding lubricity and stain resistance. These fluids provide extreme pressure protection and extended tool life because their strong chemical bonds do not release until contact temperature of 265℃ are reached. They are being used in ferrous and non-ferrous metals metalworkings without stains. They are the "Inactive" cutting fluid.

The product of sulphur additives and mineral oil. They form iron sulphide during machining operations which reduces the tool and workpiece interface frictions, and reduces "built-up" edge created by metal adhesion to the tool. They are being used in ductile metals tough machining. But not suitable for yellow metals (e.g. copper) because of the sulphur reactivity (classified as "Active" Type cutting fluid).

A combination of sulphur and chlorine additives which provides outstanding anti-weld abilities over a wide range of temperature. They are commonly being used in threading operations. When fatty oil is added, they whole product can be used in heavy-duty and slow speed cutting processes. But they can mist and smoke during operation which makes them not being used as coolants.

They are concentrates containing an emslsifier (sulphonate in general) which will be mixed with water at ratios within 10:1 to 50:1 to form emulsified particles in 80 to 200 micron. The extreme pressure abilities of the fluid can be enhanced by adding sulphur, chloring or phosphorous additives. In heavy-duty operations, fatty acids or esters can be added to the fatty oils to enhance their abilities. Hard water can break these emulsions and form precipitates. The final cutting fluid emulsion is milky or opaque in colour which consists of 2% to 8% mineral oils and additives, and about 95% water. They are also known as "Ninety Five, Five" fluids.

They are concentrates which will be mixed with water at ratios within 10:1 to 20:1 with a high emulsifier content yielding a smaller oil globule, a micro-emulsion, and the fluid will be translucent. They have better wetting characteristics and provide better lubricity at tool bit and workpiece interface than Synthetics. Typically, they do not create mist or smoke during operations. But the water hardness must be controlled becasue hard water can lead to scums and precipitates. The final translucent semi-synthetic cutting fluid consists of about 2% petroleum oil and additives and the remaining is water. They are commonly being used in high speed surface machining operations.

They are clear and real solutions. The fluids are concentrates which will be mixed with water at ratios within 10:1 to 200:1 without containing petroleum oil. Their lubricity are enhanced by wetting agents. They are stable with hard water and provide excellent microbial control. Their nature are stable, and having superior settling and cooling properties with low mist formation which enable them to be good at high production rates.

They have chromium and nickel content between 12% to 40%. They are generally hard to be machined.

Highly formulated fluids

They are alloyed steel which are generally difficult to be machined, but they can also assist in machinability in some cases. Grinding is one of the most common operations of these alloys.

Conventional soluble oils

They contain more than 2% carbon, the excess of carbon exists as graphite inside iron which are generally easy to be machined, and can operate dry machining.

Soluble oils to cool down the workpiece

They are very soft metals which are commonly being used in die-casting.

Low viscosity mineral oils as cutting fluids

They are very soft metals which are easy to be machined.

Low viscosities straight mineral oils can be used. However, soluble oils must NEVER be used because magnesium in the presence of water can lead to explosions!

These copper alloys (e.g. brass, bronze, etc.) can stain the finish. Dry machining is available.

NO extreme pressure (EP) additives should be added in the fluid

• In general, these mineral based oils have good lubricity and anti-wear characteristics enable them to resist foaming and corrosion
• They can also be used as cutting and machining oils
• Aluminum rolling oils are paraffinic solvent-like mineral oils having very low viscosity
• Copper or bass rolling oils are ISO 32 paraffinic oils containing lubricity additive and no active sulphur
• In the forming and shaping processes, water miscible, semi-synthetic and synthetic lubricants are usually being used
• In steel cold rolling operations, water miscible coolant containing 98% water emulsified with mineral oil with extreme pressure additive and emulsifiers can be used

• Specialized for drawing of wire, ferrous metal shapes through dies and the punching of heavy gauge plate
• Protect against scoring and galling, and enhance finish without the need of further machining processes
• For aluminum drawings, ISO 320 polar oils with fatty friction reducers can be used
• For ferrous drawings, ISO 100 paraffinic oils with sulphur, extreme pressure additives, oiliness and anti-rust additives can be used

• For long-term storage of component in adverse conditions
• Dip components into the hot fluid. A tough and reliable coating will be gelled after cooling

• They are oil soluble which require mixing with the base lubricant. e.g. engine, hydraulic, circulating system oils, etc.
• About 2% to 5% in concentration after mixing
• Display water, making the internal surfaces moisture resistance
• Clean and disperse both soluble and insoluble materials in the system
• Can have over 2 years of protection

• They are light mineral oils
• Can be applied to components directly, or applied be spray, misting or brush
• Protect parts in the indoor environment
• Commonly used in steel industry as slushing oil. Whey they apply to cold rolled sheets, the lubricant have to be non-staining
• Usually easy to be removed for further manufacturing operations
• Suitable for the protections of facilities using circulating or hydraulic oils. e.g. turbines, hydraulic systems, pumps, gear cases, etc.

• Protects components in the indoor environment during manufacturing operations
• Can be applied without heating. A thin, translucent film will be formed after the solvent evaporates
• Can be applied frequently to assist protections against fingerprints and corrosive environment during the manufacturing operations
• Can be applied by brush, spray or dipping at room temperature